L’huile d’argan – Argan oil

Argan oil

 
Plantation of argans

 

 

Argan Oil is rich in essential

fatty acids
and is more resistant to

oxidation
than

olive oil
.

Argan oil is used for dipping bread, on

couscous
,

salads
and similar uses. A dip for bread known as

amlou
is made from argan oil,

almonds
and

peanuts
, sometimes sweetened by
honey
or sugar. The unroasted oil is traditionally used as a treatment
for skin diseases, and has found favour with

European


cosmetics
manufacturers.

Argan oil is an

oil
produced from the fruits of the
Argan
(Argania
spinosa
) a species of
tree

endemic
to the

calcareous


semi-desert
of southwestern

Morocco
. It is the sole species in the genus

Argania
. The Argan tree now grows only in SW

Morocco
. It is believed to date back 25,000,000 years and to
have once covered N. Africa. Now endangered and under protection
of
UNESCO
,[1]
the Argan grows wild in semi-desert soil, its deep root system
helping to protect against soil erosion and the northern advance
of the Sahara.[2]

It was first reported by the

explorer


Leo Africanus
in 1510. An early

specimen
was taken to

Amsterdam
and then cultivated by

Lady Beaufort
at

Badminton
c1711. Now only 8600 square kilometres remain in
S.W. Morocco and these are declining at a rate of 500 km² per
year.

The most labour intensive part of oil-extraction is removal
of the soft pulp (used as

animal feed
) and the cracking by hand, between two stones,
of the hard nut. The seeds are then removed and gently roasted.
This roasting accounts for part of the oil’s distinctive, nutty
flavour. The traditional technique for oil extraction is to
grind the roasted seeds to paste, with a little water, in a
stone rotary

quern
. The paste is then squeezed between hands to extract
the oil. The extracted paste is still oil-rich and is used as
animal feed. Oil produced by this method will keep 3-6 months,
and will be produced as needed in a family, from a store of the
kernels, which will keep for 20 years unopened. Dry-pressing is
now increasingly important for oil produced for sale, as the oil
will keep 12-18 months and extraction is much faster.


Goats
like the pulp of argan fruits and often try to climb
the trees to get at them. They will digest the pulp, but shed
the undigested seeds in their
feces.[2]
As these have shells that are somewhat softened and easier to
crack, they are occasionally used to produce oil for
non-culinary purposes. An

urban legend
has it that all argan oil is produced this way.
This myth seems to be based on the fact that occasionally,
shrewd traders would have sold (and may still try to sell) such
« non-food grade » argan oil to ignorant travellers or tourists.
The fact that the nuts acquire a foul aroma in passing through
the animal’s digestive tract makes it easy to tell this oil
apart from food-grade produce with its rich,

walnut oil
-like flavor (Nouaim 2005).

The oil contains 80%

unsaturated


fatty acids
:[3]

 

Huile d’argan

Un article de Wikipédia,
l’encyclopédie libre.

L’huile d’argan (ou d’argane) est tirée de l’arganier,
arbre endémique du
Maroc,
présent essentiellement au sud-ouest du pays entre

Agadir
,

Essaouira
et

Taroudant
. Elle est très utilisée dans la cuisine
traditionnelle de cette région.

Cette huile, riche en

vitamine E
et

insaponifiable
, est également reconnue pour ses propriétés
nourrissante, régénérante et restructurante.

 

Spécificités

Il existe deux types d’huile d’argan selon que les amandons
sont ou non torréfiés avant utilisation. L’huile alimentaire,
plus sombre et au goût plus prononcé à cause de la torréfaction,
s’utilise comme une huile habituelle pour préparer les aliments.
Elle est très nutritive et constitue, avec des amandes pilées et
du miel, l’amlou,
une pâte très nourrissante souvent consommée au petit déjeuner.
L’huile cosmétique, plus claire, s’utilise en application sur la
peau et les cheveux et aurait des vertus contre la chute des
cheveux, l’eczéma,
la déshydratation cutanée… La chercheuse Zoubida Charrouf,
spécialisée en

chimie organique
à l’université de Rabat, a beaucoup
contribué à la connaissance scientifique de cette huile et des
autres sous-produits de l’arganier. Grâce au CRDI (Centre
de recherches pour le développement international
, société
d’État

canadienne
), elle a aussi œuvré à l’établissement des toutes
premières coopératives de traitement de l’huile d’argan,
entièrement dirigées par des femmes.

L’huile d’argan est utilisée dans l’alimentation car son goût
d’amande et de noisette (dû à une légère torréfaction qui lui
donne aussi sa couleur plus foncée) rehausse la saveur des
plats, comme le

couscous
, les poissons et les vinaigrettes.

D’après des publications scientifiques, elle permet :

C’est l’une des huiles alimentaires les plus chères du monde

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